Yet to be formed, but hope of emergence of civil society, in the near future, out of the bulk populace of Eritrea, seems imminent. The sign is already flashing among the Diaspora and for sure, slowly but surely to develop through out the Eriteran society. Why are some politicians already began to shiver and became discontent by the emergence of civil society among Eritreans? The answer is; there is significant sector of the population that they are going to lose them, to the ever growing civil society. It is not going to be easy and simple to gather followers by cheap political propaganda with the expansion and progress of civil society among Eritreans.

The long years of armed struggle, the process of conducting referendum for independence and the fight to the last moment for securing territorial integrity and sovereignty, coasted Eritrea, a great deal of its livelihood. Something which is abnormal to the long stayed independent countries, unlike to them, Eritrea was taking it as normal. Example is, the lose of civil society in Eritrea, accepted as normal and it worked good, until the independence of Eritrea, and beyond that until this last time, securing of its territorial integrity by internationally reorganized apparatus at the Hague.

It is not only the Eritrean government, the opposition groups as well benefited to great extent to their advantage of not existing civil society in Eritrea. The cheap propaganda was absorbed and swallowed for the main purpose to exist as one people and secure the independence of Eritrea. Mostly, the Eritrean people was keen to accept and obey the guidance of the
liberation fronts during the armed struggle and after the independence to the Eritrean government. In my opinion, it was the only means to do so to achieve the goal the Eritrean people cherished long time. And that is to exist and prove its existence as one people. It worked good and the end justified the means to reach where we are now. Nobody can possibly deny the fact that, the Eritrean people paid, much of the burden, than the political groups cheap propaganda, otherwise, try to make us believe that they did. I myself, dont approve that the political groups took the burden more than that the Eritrean people. It is true that they have the fire power and the Eritrean people has nothing except its courage.

Before I continue to discus the importance of the emergence of civil society to democratization and rapid development of Eritrea, I would like to explain, my stand, why on the previous article, of Focus on Eritrean Election part four, I mentioned my sympathy and support to the Eritrean government and not to the existing political groups. First, let me explain why I abstain to give my sympathy and support to the existing political groups of Eritrea. None of the existing political groups are either prepared or ready to work for an all inclusive political atmosphere. Their cheap propaganda is simply saying that one political group wants to monopolize and dominate solely at the expense of the others. There is no tolerance, no space for accommodation and no acknowledgment of the fundamental rights of existence of an opponent. They simply say that the other should be destroyed. I dont buy such type cheap propaganda. I will support for a political group that respects the existence of an opponent and that works for an all inclusive political atmosphere. It means, this time I dont see a political group in Eritrea that is prepared to work for an all inclusive political atmosphere. Therefore, I abstain to give my sympathy and support to any political group this time.

My sympathy and support goes to the Eritrean government. It is pity that the Eritrean government has become a victim of PFDJ dictation. The lean and prop between the Eritrean government and PFDJ is conditional. For one hand, the fall of the Eritrean government to the dictation of PFDJ stems from the fact that the opposition groups are hostile and not contributing to the existence of the Eritrean government to stand by its feet. For the other hand, the dependencies of PFDJ to the Eritreain government accounts to the fact that the insecurity created by the opposition groups to the livelihood of the elites of PFDJ. The conclusion that can be deducted to the acceptance of the very reality of the coexistence of the Eritreain government and PFDJ as two faces of one coin is the hostility and harassment of the opposition groups towards to the very existence of these two institutions. Accepting the difficult situation, that the Eritrean government is facing both from the harassment of the opposition groups and the dictation of PFDJ, it is natural for me to give my sympathy and support to the Eritrean government to free itself from PFDJ dictation in one hand and normalize the harassment of the opposition groups on the other hand. In my opinion, the Eritrean g government needs time and space to act as real government without PFDJ dictation and the opposition groups harassment.

Now, let me come back to the discussion of Eritrean civil society emergence and the roll it plays in democratization and development of Eritrea. From the beginning, it has to be known that, the success of rapid growth of civil society in Eritrea depends on voluntarily participation of interested groups in propagating civic education among the Eritrean society. It has to be known as well, the rapid growth of civil society is always helpful to a government to realize its projects of development. The most hostile for the growth of civil society are political groups. The reason is: with the growth of civil society their propaganda has to be robust and complex which most of the political groups do not posses this type of advanced mechanism. For the
political groups, their cheap propaganda, can get acceptance with the absence of civil society. That is why they are at the fore fronts to weaken the progress of the growth of civil society.

From the news I gather, from different Eritrean web sites, the emergence of civil society among Eritreans, seems holding root at the USA. This is good sign and I hope Eritreans in Europe, soon to follow. I wish all over the world Eritreans to follow suit. I think, in future, with the rapid expansion and development of civil society the Eritrean government is going to benefit, in consolidating its confidence, on the support it gets from the civil society of Eritrea. That will dampen the harassment of the opposition groups against the Eritrean government and will enable the Eritrean government to free itself from the dictation of PFDJ. This process, is going to lead, to confidence building among the political groups to work for an all inclusive political atmosphere to meet the demand of the civil society of Eritrea. Because, no civil society is going to allow a sectarian political group to exist. The roll of the Eritrean government is going to be the protector of the civil society. As for the political groups the demand is going to be qualitative and robust not like the garbage propaganda they are throwing on us this time.

When I say cheap propaganda or garbage propaganda of the political groups, this time, I am referring to the propaganda of the opposition groups to over throw the existing government and on the other hand of PFDJ not recognizing the existence of opposition groups. When I say they have to be complex and robust I am referring to the demand both the governing and the opposition political groups to work for an all inclusive political atmosphere. They have to be courageous enough to admit their weakness that they can not bring happiness to the Eritrean people by working to destroy one another. They can bring happines to the Eritrean people only by accepting the existence of one another. This will be the demand of the future civil society of Eritrea. Here, it would be cruel of me, if I failed short to present concrete examples of the cheap and garbage propaganda, I am claiming against the existing political groups.

Let me begin by the cheap and garbage propaganda of the opposition groups against the government. Nowadays, the opposition groups are propagating accusations to the Eritrean government by saying, the Eritrean government lost land to the Woyane and to show their superiority of concern to the Eritrean people they say the delimitation could have been achieved with out lose of young generation of Eritrea. Now, my obligation is to prove that the above mentioned propaganda is cheap and garbage. For the first, it has to be known that Eritrea was under Italy colony and after that for a while under British procurator and until independence day it was under full control of Ethiopia. The treaties of 1900, 1902 and 1908 between Emperor Menlik and Italy never demarcated on ground. The maps we used to see during the Ethiopian occupation of Eritrea is simply for showing the internal administration of Ethiopia. It has got nothing to do with international boundary. For example, the map we see now of Ethiopia, comprises a land taken by Tigray incorporated as an administrative map that is taken large land from neighboring province Begmder. As long as the affair is, of internal administration of Ethiopia, which land is taken by which province is not of that much concern. But , in case Tigray or Begmder declares independence from the integral part of Ethiopia then that will be a bloody case. Taking the concept of defining boundaries among two entities of internationally recognized states, the delimitation that awarded land to Eritrea and Ethiopia, by the border commission, at the Hague is an exceptional relief and security for the existing generation and for the coming generation as well. Therefore, the bloody conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea was a final process of de-colonization with no other option than for Eritrea to defend it and for Ethiopia to fight it. It is based on this factual analysis that I refute the argument of the opposition groups cheap and garbage propaganda that the border issue between Ethiopia and Eritrea would have been solved without the process of what it passed away. As if they are professing that, the Eritrean independence would have been achieved without the bloody 30 years war, simply as a slicing birthday cakes. In my opinion, what the Eritrean government did was a correct guidance and lead the Eritrean people to achieve that was impractical for the last 100 years.

Next is, to expose the cheap and garbage propaganda of the governing body against the opposition groups. There is always that makes me wonder when ever I hear the propaganda of the governing body against the opposition groups. It says; there are no opposition groups. To consolidate its claim they say; the so called opposition groups do not have base within the Eritrean people. I dont understand this bold and blind denial of the existence of the opposition groups by the governing body. I remember, once when X-Ambassador Hibret was in a position as an Ambassador of Eritrea to Scandinavian countries. She was on working visit in Norway, and she conducted a meeting with the Eriterans residents in Oslo, Norway. During that meeting, she was justifying the position of the Eritean governments roll in mediating among the Sudanese government and the opposition groups. I personally, during that meeting, asked X-Ambassador Hibret; why the Eritrean government do not accept, as reciprocal, the mediation of the Sudanese government between the Eriteran government and the opposition groups? She replied to me; the opposition groups in Sudan have base within the Sudanese people but not the Eritrean so called opposition groups do have a base at all within the Eritrean people. I wonder, now what could be her replay be, to the same question, this time. I wish, to ask her, if I would get a means to contact her. Therefore, I take as rhetoric the denial by the governing body of the existence of Eritrean opposition groups. It is fact and the best is to solve it by inclusion method to the benefit of all.

Rival or competitive political groups?

In Eritrea, unfortunately, we have only rival political groups. Rivals in Eritrean politics is two fold. One side rivals is, between the governing body and the opposition groups and the other rivals is, among the different opposition groups. It is difficult to bring reconciliation for rival groups. The main problem in rival political groups is the method of extinction and destruction of one another for the purpose of dominance. Especially in the absence of civil society rival groups use beyond the limit of the suffering of the people just to fulfill their hegemonic state affairs. With the emergence and consolidation of civil society the atmosphere will be completely different. The demand of civil society upon the political groups will be they to be competitive political groups. That is what we Eritreans are looking for. The quality of service by the political groups to the Eritrean civil society will determine the fate and existence of a political group. At that time, cheap propaganda, wont help to the survival for an acronym barrier of the big capital letter E. It is easy to sort out the difference of competitive political groups. Their aim is unlike the rival political groups to work together for the benefit of the civil society. And the civil society knows how to judge who is who from the programs and deeds of each political group. It is for this reason the introduction of inclusion method helps to smooth the way to arrive to this kind of stable political system. To eradicate rivals and to replace it by competitive political groups, we have to hasten, to create civil society, all over Eritreans to be found, and present our demand for all Eritrean political groups to acknowledge and work for an all inclusion political atmosphere. The demand should be firm and decisive.

Incommensurably and Incommunicado?

It was Abeba Isahac who said communication break down. I found it, to be too mechanical, to use this term. Instead, I found some other term, which is philosophical and that term is incommensurably. If you can not find in common with your opposing argument for comparison, you say that; you are in a state if incommensurably. So in my opinion, it is not communication break down that is the challenging to us, not to understand each other and come together. It is the lack of common interest and the misunderstanding in communicating our differences rather the main obstacle. It became habitual as a reminder of the armed struggle time, a legacy of following orders from the leadership of the different opposition groups, to adhere to the principal of not to communicate with the followers of the opposing groups. This type of not allowing to communicate to other followers outside from the same group is what is called incommunicado. You call a communication break down if there was at all communication. In Eritrean political groups followers, the problem is, there is not communication at all. Worst of all is, there is no common ground for comparison of interest between the opposition groups.

I insist, only and only if, we obey the secure method, the inclusion method, that we overcome the problem of incommensurably syndrome and develop the communication necessary for achieving the common goal for the all good and safe for Eritrea. Civil societies of Eritrea, are going to find, many common things that bonds them together, and overcome the problem of incommunicado. The incommensurably which is now our main problem, thanks to the deafening cheap propaganda of the existing political groups, is going to be minimal with the emergence and consolidation of Eritrean civil society. In final analysis, the hope for better future of Eritrea, is going to depend completely at the hands of Eritrean civil society. This is a perfect occasion, for me, to raise the issue of inclusion method and to respond to Abeba Isahac, for the question she asked me during our previous corresponds. Abeba Isahac asked me; who is to be included?. My answer is: as long as we managed to avoid incommensurably that is by developing and consolidating common interest. Obviously the main common interest should be the well being of Eritrea. This is broad and general concept, but it includes from the big to minor common interests. At the same time, with the overcoming to our incommunicado problem, and I assume that, with the emergence and expansion of Eritrean civil society, the demand is going to be all political groups to work for a secured and safe lively hood for every Eritean. The important point will be, being Eritrean is going to have more value than the cheap propaganda of the political groups. No political group is going to succeed in monopolizing the civil society of Eritrea for its selfish and its exclusionary method. On the contrary, the political group that works for an all inclusive system is going to win the heart and mind of the Eritrean civil society. Therefore, the answer is, all Eritreans have to be included. No exception. Being Eritrean is a value by itself to be included. No body has the right to exclude except a selfish and arrogant one.

Conclusion, the problems that are facing the Eritrean community, especially regarding communication, the problem of incommunicado and the lack of common
ground to compare the programs and ideology of the different political groups, the incommensurably, would have been easily avoided if civil society would have been developed among Eritreans. The rival political groups, which are confusing and disturbing the normal life of the Eritrean people would have been sharpened and transformed to be competitive political groups to
the better future of the Eritrean people. There is no other alternative to success in democratization and stability of Eritrea than using inclusion method. The demand of Eritrean civil society is going to be an all inclusive political atmosphere.

Tesfamicael Yohannes

The following note is, from the book ROGUE STATE, by William Blum.

quotation from Perverting Elections.

It shall be unlawful for a foreign national directly or through any other person to make any contribution of money or other thing of value, or to promise expressly or impliedly to make any such contribution, in connection with an election to any political office or in connection with any primary
election.

Title 2, United States Code Amended (USCA), Section 441e(a)

The US was instrumental in South Vietnam canceling the elections scheduled to unify North and South because of the certainty that the North Vietnames communist leader, Ho Chi Minh, would easily win.